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Although it is not yet clear how representative in vitro biofilms are of in vivo bacterial communities, further in vitro investigation of dynamic biofilms will help deliver the tools required to interrogate emerging, more realistic models. The investigators involved in this study used a BioFlux shear flow system to examine differences in nanosensor penetration between static biofilms and biofilms under shear flow. In addition, a BioFlux was used to assess pH changes over time. The group found that nanosensors were able to accurately report on biofilm pH and that acidification occurs downstream when examined under shear flow conditions.